Cyst: Pictures, Causes, Types, Treatments and Prevention

A cyst is a closed sac-like structure found in various tissues in the body. It is filled with fluid, semi-solid material, or gas. Skin cysts can develop anywhere on or beneath the skin and are of various forms that can vary in size. They are typically benign or non-cancerous.

Cysts can develop anywhere in the body, including the skin, genitals and internal organs. They have been classified based on the content and the area where it develops. Some common types of cysts include:

1. Epidermoid cysts: These are tiny, keratin-filled bumps on the skin that are not cancerous. These could happen if the area around the hair follicle is traumatised.
2. Sebaceous cyst: Less frequently occurring than epidermoid cysts are sebaceous cysts. Sebum is contained within sebaceous cysts. They often develop inside ruptured sebaceous glands.
3. Breast cysts: These develop in the breasts when fluid builds up close to the breast glands. Women who are in their 30s or 40s may experience these.
4. Ganglion cysts: These benign cysts may develop close to joints like the wrist or hand. They may appear on the ankles or the feet. Women are more likely to have them.
5. Ovarian cysts: They appear when a woman's egg-producing follicle doesn't fully open. A cyst develops as a result of the fluid buildup caused by this. They typically form when a woman is menstruating.
6. Baker's cyst: Also known as a popliteal cyst, it is a fluid-filled swelling in the back of the knee joint. It forms when fluid accumulates in the bursa, a sac that acts as a cushion between the tendons and bones, causing the knee to bulge.
7. Mucous cysts: A mucous cyst is a small, fluid-filled sac that forms on the fingers near the nail. It is often caused by irritation or trauma to the joint and is commonly seen in people with osteoarthritis.
8. Cystic acne: These cysts result from an accumulation of oil, bacteria, and dead skin cells in the skin pores.
9. Folliculitis: This condition develops when an ingrown hair grows and a pseudocyst grows nearby. This is an infectious, inflammatory condition.
10. Pilonidal cysts: These cysts typically develop close to the top of the hips. They contain various materials, including body oils, hair, and skin flakes. Men are more prone to these. When the hair begins to encrust the skin, these typically develop.

The symptoms of a cyst depend on the type and location of the cyst in the body, its size and whether it is causing any problems. Some common symptoms of a cyst may include:

1. A visible lump or bump on the skin
2. Swelling or tenderness in the area of the cyst
3. Redness or warmth around the cyst
4. Pain or discomfort in the area of the cyst
5. Discharge or drainage from the cyst

In some cases, a skin cyst may not cause any symptoms. If a cyst is causing problems, such as pain or discomfort, or concerns about cancer, it may need to be treated or removed.

Cysts are common and form for no known reason in individuals at any time. However, numerous general factors have been identified that cause the development of cysts in the body. Some of these factors include:

1. Infections: Cysts can sometimes form due to an infection, such as an abscess or a boil.
2. Genetics: Some people may be more prone to developing cysts due to inherited traits.
3. Hormonal imbalances: Cysts can sometimes be caused by hormonal imbalances, such as those that occur during puberty or menopause.
4. Trauma or injury: A cyst can sometimes form from trauma or damage to the affected area.
5. Blockages: Cysts can also occur when a duct or tube becomes blocked, causing fluid to build up.
6. Cancer: A cyst may be cancerous (malignant) in rare cases. It is essential to see a healthcare provider if there is concern about cancer.

Several risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing a skin cyst. Some of these risk factors include:

1. Age: Cysts are more common in older adults.
2. Gender: Women are more likely to develop certain cysts, such as ovarian cysts.
3. Family history: Some people may be more prone to developing cysts due to inherited traits.
4. Certain medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can increase the risk of developing a cyst.
5. History of Cyst: People with a history of cysts or previous surgery that has damaged surrounding tissues are also at a higher risk of developing cysts.

It is not always possible to prevent cyst formation. However, there are many preventive measures that one can undertake to minimise the risk of cyst formation. Some of these measures include:

1. Maintain good hygiene: Good hygiene practices such as frequent hand wash and avoiding contaminated food and water can help reduce the cyst formation risk.
2. Manage underlying health conditions: Managing underlying health conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, and fibroids can help reduce the risk of cyst formation.
3. Avoid smoking: Smoking can lead to hormonal imbalances and increase the risk of cyst formation.
4. Avoid exposure to toxins: Environmental toxins such as pesticides, chemicals, and pollutants can increase the risk of cyst formation.
5. Avoid hormonal imbalances: Women should maintain a healthy weight, avoid exposure to artificial hormone supplements, and limit alcohol and caffeine consumption to avoid hormonal imbalances that can lead to cyst formation.
6. Manage stress: Chronic stress may lead to hormonal imbalances and inflammation, increasing the risk of cyst formation.
7. Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle by consuming a balanced diet, exercising regularly, managing stress levels, and taking adequate sleep will help reduce the risk of cyst formation.

A primary care physician can diagnose cysts, usually by physical examination. However, if the cyst is not physically visible or is difficult to diagnose, he/she may recommend the following diagnostic tests to the patient.

1. Ultrasound: A cyst can be visualised using an ultrasound, which uses high-frequency sound waves. It can help determine the cyst's size, location, and type.
2. CT scan: A CT scan can help produce detailed images of internal structures, including skin cysts, and can be used to determine the extent of the cyst and its relationship to surrounding tissues.
3. MRI: An MRI can also produce detailed images of internal structures, including cysts, and can be used to determine the extent of the cyst and its relationship to surrounding tissues.
4. Biopsy: In some cases, a biopsy can be performed to know the type of cyst and whether it is malignant or benign.
5. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if hormonal imbalances or underlying health conditions contribute to cyst formation. They are also done to rule out the risk of cancer.

How to prepare for a doctor’s consultation?

Here are a few tips on preparing for a doctor's consultation for cyst treatment:

1. Gather information: Make a list of the patient's symptoms, medications and supplements and any relevant medical history.
2. Bring relevant medical records: Bring any previous medical records, imaging tests, or biopsy results related to the cyst.
3. Wear comfortable clothing: The patient must wear comfortable clothing when visiting the doctor for an appointment, especially if he/she needs to undress for a physical examination.
4. Make a list of questions the patient may have for the doctor, including any concerns about the diagnosis or treatment options. Some of the questions that a patient can ask the doctor are as follows:
   1. How did my cyst form?
   2. Is my cyst dangerous?
   3. Can the cyst become cancerous?
   4. How long does it take for the cyst to go away?
   5. Do I need surgery for cyst removal?

Cyst management is usually close to nothing unless it increases in size and poses adverse health problems. If a skin cyst requires treatment, it will depend on several variables, such as the type of cyst, the location of the cyst, whether it is causing pain or discomfort, and whether it is infected or inflamed. Some standard treatment options for a cyst include:

Cyst Treatment without surgery

1. Home remedies: Some people may use home remedies, such as hot compresses or over-the-counter creams, to treat a cyst. While these remedies may provide temporary relief, they are not a substitute for proper medical treatment.
2. Medication: In some cases, the healthcare provider may prescribe medication, such as corticosteroid injection, to treat the underlying cause of the cyst, such as infection and inflammation.
3. Incision and drainage: This procedure involves making an incision in the cyst and draining the fluid. It is typically used for small or superficial cysts and may be done with local anaesthesia.

Cyst Treatment with surgery

1. Aspiration: This procedure involves a syringe draining the fluid from the cyst. It is typically performed in a healthcare provider's office and may be done with or without local anaesthesia.
2. Excision Surgery: This procedure removes the entire cyst and the surrounding tissue. It may be done with local anaesthesia or under general anaesthesia, depending on the size and location of the cyst.
3. Laparoscopy: This is a minimally invasive procedure that involves making small incisions in the abdomen and using a laparoscope (a small, tube-like instrument with a light and camera) to remove the cyst. It may be done with general anaesthesia.
4. Laparotomy: This is a more invasive procedure involving making a larger abdomen incision to remove the cyst. It is typically used for more extensive or profound cysts and is done with general anaesthesia.

It is essential to consult with a healthcare provider before using any home remedies or attempting to treat a cyst on your own. They can recommend the most appropriate treatment based on your circumstances.

Cysts can develop anywhere in the body, including the face, neck, hand, legs, and back. If left untreated, they can majorly impact an individual's health. Some of the risks and complications of cysts include:

1. Infection
2. Inflammation
3. Bleeding
4. Rupture
5. Blood poisoning (septicaemia)
6. Cancer

When to See a Doctor?

See a doctor if a patient has any symptoms or concerns related to a cyst. Here are some specific reasons to seek medical attention:

1. Persistent swelling
2. Pain
3. Redness and inflammation
4. Unusual discharge
5. Changes in appearance
6. Concerns about cancer

There is no specific diet that is recommended for the treatment of a cyst. However, maintaining a balanced diet may help support overall health and healing. Some general recommendations for a healthy diet include:

1. Eating a variety of foods: It is essential to include a variety of foods in the diet, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
2. Limiting added sugars and unhealthy fats: It is best to limit the intake of foods and beverages high in added sugars and unhealthy fats, such as sugary drinks and processed snack foods.
3. Staying hydrated: It is important to drink enough fluids. Water is the best choice, but other beverages, such as milk and unsweetened tea, can also contribute to daily fluid intake.
4. Managing portion sizes: Pay attention to portion sizes and only eat what the body needs.

In conclusion, cysts are fluid or air filed sacs that are usually harmless and can develop anywhere on the body. Generally, cyst management is not required. However, it is important to seek medical attention if a patient has any symptoms or concerns related to a cyst. This may include persistent swelling, pain, redness and inflammation, unusual discharge, changes in appearance, or concerns about cancer. 

You can receive a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan tailored to your needs and preferences by seeking medical attention. Early treatment and management of cysts can help to prevent complications and ensure optimal health outcomes. So, go immediately, and contact our HexaHealth experts if you have any symptoms related to a cyst.