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TURBT Surgery: Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor

Medically Reviewed by
Dr. Abhishek Gulia
TURBT

Treatment Duration

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15 Minutes

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90 Minutes

Treatment Cost

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60,000

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1,50,000

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TURBT
Medically Reviewed by Dr. Abhishek Gulia Written by Sangeeta Sharma

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As per the GLOBOCAN 2020, bladder cancer ranks as the 17th most common malignancy in India, highlighting an essential need for effective procedures. TURBT is a surgery to diagnose and treat early-stage bladder cancer. The technique helps stage the disease and determine the most appropriate treatment. 

Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT full form) helps remove tumours from the bladder without needing external incisions. Want to know more about its benefits, risks, and recovery? Continue reading to find out. 

Procedure Name 

Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour 

Conditions Treated 

Bladder cancer 

Benefits of the Procedure 

No external cuts, shorter hospital stay, can be performed multiple times 

Treated By 

Urologists 

You can check TURBT Cost here.

What is TURBT?

Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) is a surgical procedure to diagnose and treat early-stage bladder malignancy. It is the primary treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). In this type, the cancer cells are only present in the inner lining of the bladder. 

The bladder is a hollow, spherical organ located in the lower part of the abdomen. It is held by ligaments attached to surrounding organs and the pelvic bones. The primary function of the bladder is to hold urine. It expands and contracts based on the volume of urine it contains. 

The bladder is divided into four parts: 

  1. Dome (Apex): Located at the top front of the bladder, it points towards the abdominal wall

  2. Base (Fundus): The bottom back of the bladder 

  3. Body: Occupies the space between the dome and the base 

  4. Neck: Situated at the base of the bladder, it is a narrow group of muscles that connects to the urethra 

The three layers of the bladder are as follows: 

  1. Urothelium: The innermost layer that prevents urine from leaking into the body.

  2. Lamina Propria (Submucosa): A layer of connective tissue that includes proteins for structural support, blood vessels, and nerves.

  3. Muscularis Propria: The outermost layer of the bladder. It is made up of three layers of smooth muscle that relax and contract involuntarily. 

Need for TURBT

TURBT surgery offers therapeutic and diagnostic benefits essential for effective disease management. A doctor may recommend this procedure for the following reasons: 

  1. Diagnosis of bladder cancer 

  2. Removal of suspected tumours 

  3. Staging of the cancer by sending samples to a pathologist 

  4. Checking metastasis (spread) of cancer to the bladder wall

TURBT Procedure

The bladder surgery is performed under general or spinal anaesthesia to ensure the comfort of the patient. The procedure takes 15 to 90 minutes and includes the following steps: 

  1. The surgeon inserts a cystoscope (a specialised endoscopic instrument equipped with a camera and light) through the urethra. This allows them to view the inside of the bladder on a monitor.

  2. Once the tumour is located, an instrument with a small wired loop (resectoscope) is passed through the cystoscope. It removes tumours from the bladder wall.

  3. The surgeon applies heat to seal (cauterise) the tumour area and stop bleeding. 

  4. The scope is removed, and a catheter is inserted if needed in cases of excessive bleeding. 

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Before and on the Day of TURBT

Doctors provide detailed instructions to prepare for the TURBT procedure. Adhering to these guidelines before and on the day of the procedure is crucial to ensure the success of the surgery. 

Before TURBT

Patients generally meet their healthcare team two weeks before the procedure for a pre-anaesthesia check-up. During this visit, they can also expect to discuss some other preparatory guidelines, including: 

Parameters 

Pre-requisites 

Pre-op Assessment 

  1. Blood tests 

  2. Urine culture test 

  3. X-ray 

Risk Evaluation 

  1. Allergies 

  2. Surgery benefits vs risks 

Restrictions 

Blood thinners and pain relievers one week before the procedure 

Anaesthesia Selection 

General or spinal 

Fasting 

8 hours before the procedure 

 

On the Day of TURBT

On the day of the procedure, patients should arrange for someone to drive them home after surgery. Upon arrival at the hospital, they will be guided through the pre-operative process, which includes the following: 

Parameters 

Pre-requisites 

Consent 

Mandatory 

Surgical Preparation 

  1. Changing into a hospital gown

  2. Injecting a dye into the bladder one hour before the procedure 

Physical Evaluation 

Vitals check-up (breathing, heart rate, oxygen, etc.)

IV Line 

Yes, for fluids and medications 

Patient Positioning

Dorsal Lithotomy (lying on the back with legs in stirrups)

After TURBT and Recovery

It is common to experience pain and bleeding for a week or two after TURBT. Following the doctor’s instructions can help ease recovery in the hospital and at home. 

In Hospital Recovery 

After a TURBT procedure, most patients can return home on the same day. They will be moved to a recovery room where the anaesthesiologist will monitor their vitals, including breathing and blood pressure. If a catheter is placed during surgery, the nursing staff will remove it before the patient is discharged home.

At-home Recovery 

TURBT recovery time is generally six weeks. Patients can expect to resume normal activities like work within two weeks. During this period, it is important to follow these guidelines: 

  1. Rest for a week to allow the bladder to heal. 

  2. Take prescribed pain medications to manage discomfort. 

  3. Drink lots of water to flush out the bladder and prevent a urine infection. 

  4. Avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting for about three weeks. 

Follow-up Appointment

The first follow-up appointment is scheduled two weeks after TURBT. During this visit, the doctor assesses the recovery process and checks for signs of complications like infection and excessive bleeding. They also discuss the results of the pathology report from the tissue that was removed during the procedure. 

A second TURBT may be performed four to six weeks after the first in case a complete tumour was not resected during the first procedure. It also reduces the risk of cancer metastasising outside the bladder. 

Benefits of TURBT

According to a study by Jamie S Pak et al., 2021, the 5-year overall survival rate after complete TURBT is 77%. The procedure offers various benefits that contribute to its importance in treating bladder cancer. These include: 

  1. TURBT is conducted via the urethra, eliminating the need for external incisions. 

  2. The minimally invasive nature reduces the risk of infection or injury to the bladder. 

  3. It allows patients to keep their bladder by only removing the cancerous tissues. 

  4. A shorter hospital stay enables individuals to return home on the same day. 

  5. If necessary, TURBT can be performed multiple times to treat recurrent tumours.

Risks and Complications of TURBT

Like any surgical procedure, bladder tumour resection can result in certain risks. According to Kim et al., 2020, TURBT complications can occur in 4%-6% of cases. Some major risks include: 

  1. Adverse reactions from anaesthesia 

  2. Excessive bleeding 

  3. Urinary tract infections 

  4. Bladder perforation 

Getting repeated TURBT can also increase the risk of long-term bladder side effects like frequent urination and incontinence. 

When to call a doctor? 

After TURBT, patients must monitor their health closely for any signs of complications. They should immediately contact their doctor if they experience the following symptoms:

  1. Blood clots in the urine 

  2. Inability to pass urine 

  3. Fever above 101 F and chills 

  4. Nausea and vomiting

Risks of Delaying TURBT

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancers are generally small and do not involve the muscle layer of the bladder. When treated promptly, they cause fewer complications than other bladder malignancies. However, delaying the TURBT surgery can lead to the following complications: 

  1. Delay can allow the tumour to grow larger or invade deeper bladder wall layers. 

  2. As the tumour grows, there is an increased risk of cancer cells spreading to other body parts. 

  3. It can lead to increased symptoms, such as fatigue, weight loss, difficulty urinating, or urinary tract infection.  

Cost of TURBT 

The price of TURBT in India can vary significantly depending on several factors. The cost starts from ₹ 60,000 and can reach up to ₹ 1,50,000. The average expense is ₹ 1,00,000. 

Procedure Name 

Estimated Cost Range 

Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour 

₹ 60,000 to ₹ 1,50,000

Note: The figures mentioned above are approximate. Please consult HexaHealth experts for up-to-date prices. 

Factors that affect the cost of the procedure are as follows: 

  1. Type of Hospital: The costs can differ significantly depending on where the procedure is performed. Private facilities are more expensive than government centres due to better amenities. 

  2. Geographic Locations: Factors such as the cost of living can impact prices in different regions. Metropolitan cities are costlier than smaller towns. 

  3. Surgeon’s Expertise: Medical experts with extensive experience and higher qualifications may charge more for performing TURBT. 

  4. Additional Treatments: In some cases, chemotherapy may be recommended following TURBT to prevent tumour recurrence. The costs of these treatments would add to the final bill.

  5. Insurance Coverage: The extent to which insurance covers the procedure can significantly affect out-of-pocket expenses for the patient. 

Takeaway

TURBT is both a diagnostic and a treatment for bladder cancer. It allows for the direct removal of the tumour and provides tissue for pathological examination. As a minimally invasive procedure, it helps enhance patient outcomes with a relatively quick recovery time.

The professionals at HexaHealth understand the challenges of managing bladder cancer. Our team guides patients through the TURBT procedure, from initial consultation and preparation to post-operative care. We provide access to expert urologists, ensuring that each patient receives personalised care and the best possible treatment outcomes.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Transurethral resection of bladder tumour, which is the TURBT full form, is a surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat bladder cancer. It removes the tumours through the urethra without the need for external incisions.

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TURBT is performed to diagnose and treat bladder cancer. It allows for the removal of tumours for pathological examination. This helps stage the cancer and determine appropriate further treatments.

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TURBT procedure is performed under general or spinal anaesthesia. It includes the following steps: 

  1. A cystoscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder. 

  2. Special instruments with a small wired loop are used to cut away the tumour. 

  3. The tumour area is cauterised to minimise bleeding. 

  4. The cystoscope is removed. 

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TURBT is an effective procedure in treating non-muscle invasive bladder cancer by removing tumours and alleviating symptoms. According to Pak et al., 2021, the 5-year survival rate after complete TURBT is 77%.

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Risks can occur in 4% to 6% of cases after bladder tumour resection. Common TURBT complications are as follows: 

  1. Bleeding 

  2. Infection 

  3. Perforation of the bladder wall 

  4. Reaction to anaesthesia

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No, TURBT is not a major surgery as it is non-invasive and performed through the urethra without external incisions. It is done as an outpatient procedure and involves a short recovery period.

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TURBT surgery takes between 15 to 90 minutes. The exact duration depends on the number and size of tumours being removed. 

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After TURBT surgery, patients can generally return home on the same day of the procedure. They will be in the recovery room till the vitals are stable. 

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The difference between a cystoscopy and TURBT lies in their purpose and procedure. Cystoscopy is primarily diagnostic, allowing visualisation inside the bladder. In contrast, TURBT also involves the removal of bladder tumours using specialised tools.

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Chemotherapy after TURBT is not always required but may be recommended for high-risk cases to prevent cancer recurrence. Intravesical chemotherapy (medicine delivered directly into the bladder) is given if the cancer has not spread outside the bladder. The treatment is given through an IV if the cancer has spread to other body parts.

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The cost of a TURBT operation can vary widely, generally ranging from ₹ 60,000 to ₹ 1,50,000. It depends on the hospital, geographic location, and whether additional treatments are required during the procedure. Patients are advised to consult HexaHealth experts for accurate pricing details.

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Yes, TURBT surgery is covered under health insurance. However, coverage specifics can differ depending on the insurance plan and provider. HexaHealth can help patients understand the details of their policy.

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No, not all bladder tumours are cancerous. Growths in the lining or tissue of the bladder can also be benign. Non-cancerous bladder tumours do not spread to other parts of the body. 

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The survival rate following complete TURBT depends on the stage and grade of the bladder cancer at the time of treatment. For non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, the 5-year survival rate is 77%.

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TURBT recovery time is relatively short, with most individuals returning to normal activities within two weeks. However, complete recovery may take up to six weeks.

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After TURBT surgery, precautions are important to ensure a smooth recovery. These include the following: 

  1. Taking rest for a week

  2. Drinking fluids to flush the bladder 

  3. Avoiding strenuous activities for three weeks 

  4. Attending follow-up appointments

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In comparing TURBT vs TURP, TURBT is performed to diagnose and remove tumours from the bladder. In contrast, TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate) involves surgical removal of a part of the prostate to relieve urinary symptoms caused by an enlarged prostate.

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References

All the articles on HexaHealth are supported by verified medically-recognized sources such as; peer-reviewed academic research papers, research institutions, and medical journals. Our medical reviewers also check references of the articles to prioritize accuracy and relevance. Refer to our detailed editorial policy for more information.


  1. Draft Consensus Document for Management of Urinary Bladder Cancer Prepared as an outcome of ICMR’s Subcommittee on Urinary Bladder Cancer [Internet].link
  2. Cleveland Clinic. Urinary Bladder [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic. 2023. link
  3. What Is Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT)? [Internet]. Healthline. 2016.link
  4. Trans urethral removal of bladder tumour (TURBT) [Internet]. www.cancerresearchuk.org.link
  5. Kim LHC, Patel MI. Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT). Translational Andrology and Urology [Internet]. 2020 Dec;9(6):3056–72.link
  6. Transurethral resection of the bladder (TURBT) [Internet]. Patient Information.link
  7. Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Causes and Treatment [Internet]. Healthline. 2022 [cited 2024 May 4].link

Last Updated on: 5 July 2024

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational and learning purposes only. It doesn't cover every medical condition and might not be relevant to your personal situation. This information isn't medical advice, isn't meant for diagnosing any condition, and shouldn't replace talking to a certified medical or healthcare professional.

Reviewer

Dr. Abhishek Gulia

Dr. Abhishek Gulia

MBBS, MD Radio Therapy, Fellowship in Advanced Radiation Technology

16 Years Experience

Dr Abhishek Gulia is a well-known Radiation Oncology currently associated with Jaypee Hospital in Noida. He has 16 years of experience in radiation oncology and worked as an expert radiation oncologist in different cities in India. ...View More

Author

Sangeeta Sharma

Sangeeta Sharma

BSc. Biochemistry I MSc. Biochemistry (Oxford College Bangalore)

6 Years Experience

She has extensive experience in content and regulatory writing with reputed organisations like Sun Pharmaceuticals and Innodata. Skilled in SEO and passionate about creating informative and engaging medical conten...View More

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