Laser Treatment for Pigmentation: Cost, Before & After Result

Laser treatment for skin pigmentation is otherwise commonly known as a laser peel, lasabrasion, and laser skin resurfacing. It utilises advanced laser technology to target and break down the excess melanin or pigment in the skin, resulting in a more even complexion and improved skin appearance.

It is a popular and effective procedure to reduce or eliminate several skin pigmentation concerns. It can also be used to remove benign (non-cancerous growths that do not spread to other body parts) and malignant (abnormal growths of cancerous cells that can invade other body parts) lesions. 

Anatomy and Physiology of Skin

The skin is the body's largest organ and serves as a primary protective barrier between the internal organs and the external environment. It is a complex and dynamic structure that consists of three main layers. The outermost layer is called the epidermis, followed by the dermis beneath the epidermis, and the deepest layer is known as the hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue.

1. The epidermis on the surface is a waterproof barrier and contributes to the skin's colouration or tone. 

2. The dermis, located beneath the epidermis, contains components such as connective tissue, hair follicles, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and sweat glands. It is vital in providing structural support and facilitating the skin's functionality.

3. The hypodermis is primarily composed of fat cells and connective tissue. It helps in insulation, padding, and energy storage.

Laser treatment for hyperpigmentation is an ideal option for patients who do not see any improvement through other treatments, such as topical creams. Laser treatment for skin pigmentation can be used to treat various skin conditions. Some of these conditions that can be treated through laser treatment include the following:

1. Melasma: It is a prevalent skin condition that is characterised by the presence of grey-brown patches appearing on the skin. These patches are typically found on the areas of the face like cheeks, nose bridge, forehead, upper lip, and chin.

2. Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation: It is a condition that occurs when there is an abnormal and high production of melanin, which gets deposited in the epidermis/ dermis post-inflammation.

3. Warts: These are small growths that appear on the skin. Warts are non-cancerous and develop when the skin is infected by the human papillomavirus (HPV).

4. Acanthosis Nigricans: It is a condition where darkening of the skin occurs, which looks velvety and most commonly occurs in the skin folds. Poorly defined borders characterise it and cause thickening of the affected skin.

5. Lentigines: Lentigines, also known as liver spots, are harmless growths that develop on areas of the body exposed to the sun.

6. Drug-Induced Hyperpigmentation: Drug-induced pigmentation is abnormal skin pigmentation caused by various medications, including cytotoxic drugs, painkillers, anticoagulants, antibiotics, antiretrovirals, certain metals, and antiarrhythmics. These drugs can lead to changes in skin colouration through different mechanisms. 

7. Freckles: Freckles are tiny, flat marks typically observed on sun-exposed body areas. They can appear in tan, red, light brown, or dark brown shades.

Laser treatment for pigmentation on the face is mostly done on an outpatient basis, i.e., the patients do not require to be admitted to the hospital for the surgery. The duration of the procedure varies and may take around 30 to 45 minutes.

There are various techniques that are used for different types of hyperpigmentation. The doctor will select the most appropriate treatment option depending on the patient's medical history, current situation, and desired outcomes. Below are the techniques:

1. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser Resurfacing: CO2 laser resurfacing has been utilised for a long time to address various benign and malignant skin problems. 

   1. The latest generation of CO2 lasers employs constant light beams to precisely remove the thin layers of skin while minimising damage to the structures surrounding it.
   2. This advanced technology has effectively treated several skin concerns such as warts, scars, wrinkles, enlarged oil glands on the nose, birthmarks, etc. 
   3. The recovery period following CO2 laser resurfacing typically spans up to two weeks, which gives the skin ample time to heal and regenerate.

2. Erbium Laser Resurfacing: Erbium laser resurfacing is a procedure that is specifically designed to address the superficial and moderately deep wrinkles, fine lines, etc., on the face. 

1. This procedure usually requires only local anaesthetic (to numb the skin) and can also be performed on the hands, neck, or chest. 

2. One of the key advantages of erbium laser resurfacing is its ability to minimise injury to surrounding tissues. 

3. Compared to CO2 lasers, erbium lasers have fewer side effects, such as redness, bruising, and swelling. This ensures quick recovery from the procedure. 

4. Due to reduced side effects, erbium laser resurfacing is a favourable option, particularly for individuals with darker skin tones. The recovery period for erbium laser resurfacing generally lasts one week, allowing for a relatively swift recuperation process.

3. Fractional Laser Resurfacing:  This technique delivers narrow laser light columns to the skin without affecting the surrounding skin. 

1. The treated area tightens as the collagen contracts between the laser holes. 

2. The advantage of fractional laser resurfacing is that it minimises skin injury compared to other lases. 

3. However, it's important to note that since the laser penetrates deeper into the skin, there is a slightly higher risk of more complex healing and potential scarring. 

4. The recovery time for fractional laser resurfacing is around one week, which allows the skin to heal. 

Below are the general steps involved in laser treatment for pigmentation on the face.

1. The process begins with an initial consultation with the dermatologist to understand the treatment's benefits, preparation, and risks involved.

2. On the day of the treatment, the targeted area is cleaned thoroughly to remove makeup, oil, or other impurities.

3. The patient is then asked to wear goggles over the eyes for protection and a numbing gel-like ointment will be applied over the targeted area to make the patient comfortable throughout the procedure.

4. The doctor then uses a type of laser technique to treat the targeted area. 

5. After the laser treatment, a cooling gel or soothing cream may be applied to the treated area to alleviate any mild discomfort and reduce redness. 

Before getting laser treatment for skin pigmentation done, it is essential to consult the doctor to know about all the details related to the treatment. Below mentioned are some of the points that one can expect before and on the day of laser treatment for hyperpigmentation.

Before Laser Treatment for Pigmentation

The doctor (dermatologist) will conduct a complete physical and medical examination to inspect the skin condition to be treated. Before getting laser treatment for pigmentation, it is essential to:

1. The patient must inform the doctor about his/her expectations.

2. Let the doctor know if the patient is prone to experiencing fever blisters or cold sores around the mouth, as the laser treatment can trigger them.

3. The doctor may provide specific instructions to follow before the laser treatment. This may include avoiding excessive sun exposure, tanning beds, and self-tanning products, as well as discontinuing certain skincare products or medications that could increase sensitivity or interfere with the procedure. 

On the day of Laser Treatment for Pigmentation

The patient may expect the following things on the day of hyperpigmentation laser treatment.

1. The patient must reach the hospital or clinic before the scheduled time.

2. The healthcare providers will ask the patient to sign the informed content before the procedure.

3. The patients need to arrive with clean, makeup-free skin. Depending on the type of laser used, your provider may apply a topical anaesthetic cream to minimise any discomfort during the procedure. 

4. The patient will also be asked to wear special goggles before the surgery to protect the eyes to prevent potential damage.

5. During the procedure, the patient may feel warmth and tingling sensation on the skin. This intensity of the sensation varies from person to person.

It is also important to learn about the post-laser treatment for skin pigmentation guidelines and follow them to ensure a quick recovery and better results.

The Recovery Process in the Hospital

One can expect the following during the recovery process in the hospital after laser treatment for skin pigmentation.

1. Right after the laser treatment, the patient may experience some immediate effects on his/her skin. It is normal to observe redness, swelling, and a mild warmth or tingling sensation in the treated area. 

2. The doctor will provide instructions during the recovery process.

3. The pigmented lesions may either fade or dry out, eventually flaking off the treated area. 

4. Sometimes, the patient may experience side effects of the treatment. Some of these include temporary changes in skin pigmentation, such as darkening or lightening of the treated areas. It's important to note that the treated area may become more sensitive to sun exposure, but proper safety precautions can minimise these effects.

Recovery Process/Expectation after Hospital Discharge

The skin is sensitive after laser treatment. Hence it is essential to follow the doctor's instructions on how to recover and heal quickly. Some tips to ensure quick recovery after laser treatment for pigmentation may include:

1. Wearing a broad-spectrum sunscreen during the day to protect the skin from any sun damage.

2. Wearing protective clothing and using hats and umbrellas when out in the sun 

3. Moisturising the skin.

4. Use a cool compress or ice cubes wrapped in a towel for about 15 minutes every hour or two as needed within the first 48 hours of the treatment.

5. Avoid exposure to the sun or limit sun exposure time. 

6. Avoid anything that can lead to flushing.

7. Quit smoking.

8. Avoid the use of any facial products like glycolic acid for 4 to 6 weeks after the treatment.

9. Do not use any medications that can lead to photosensitivity (a condition that makes the skin sensitive and may even causes burns when exposed to sunlight or UV rays)

10. Take the medicines prescribed by the doctor to prevent any complications 

It is normal to experience itching or stinging sensations for 12 to 72 hours post-procedure. Approximately five to seven days after the treatment, your skin will dry and peel. The healing process typically takes 10 to 21 days, depending on the specific issue addressed during the procedure.

First Follow-up Appointment

The doctor may schedule follow-up appointments to monitor the progress and assess the results of the laser treatment. 

1. These appointments allow the doctor to evaluate the procedure's effectiveness and make any necessary adjustments to the ongoing treatment plan. 

2. It is important to attend these appointments and communicate any concerns or questions you may have.

People are widely undergoing laser treatment for skin pigmentation for the various benefits it offers in a short period. Although laser treatment for skin pigmentation cannot completely change the skin, it does make the skin appear better. The various benefits offered by laser treatment for pigmentation may include the following.

1. Targeted Treatment: Laser technology allows for precise targeting of pigmented areas on the skin,  leaving the surrounding healthy skin unaffected.

2. Even Skin Tone: Laser treatment for hyperpigmentation effectively reduces pigmentation and helps restore a more even skin tone. It can fade dark spots and discolouration, providing a smoother and more uniform complexion.

3. Stimulates Collagen Production: In addition to concentrating on pigmented cells, laser therapy also encourages the creation of collagen in the skin's deeper layers.  Collagen is a protein that helps maintain skin elasticity and firmness. 

4. Non-Invasive Procedure: Laser treatment for pigmentation is a non-invasive procedure that does not require incisions or sutures. 

5. Customisable and Versatile: Depending on the degree and severity of the pigmentation, the laser pulses' intensity and duration can be changed. This adaptability enables medical professionals to customise each patient's treatment for the best outcomes.

6. Long-lasting Results: Laser treatment for pigmentation can provide long-lasting results when combined with proper skin care and sun protection. 

7. Safe for Different Skin Types: Laser treatment for pigmentation is generally safe for various skin types and tones.

Like any other treatment, laser treatment for pigmentation also carries some risks. Redness, rashes, swelling and bumps are mostly seen after laser treatment for hyperpigmentation. Some other risks associated with laser treatment for pigmentation may include the following:

1. Burning: Burns can arise when the tissue is subjected to excessive heat generation or inadequate cooling during laser treatments, leading to tissue overheating.

2. Scarring: Laser treatments have the potential to cause scarring as a result of burns that occur during the treatment process. Additionally, these treatments can lead to abnormal healing of wounds or increase the risk of secondary infections, which can also contribute to scarring.

3. Skin Discolouration: In rare cases, laser treatment can cause temporary or permanent skin discolouration. This may manifest as hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) or hypopigmentation (lightening). The risk of skin discolouration is higher for individuals with darker skin tones.

4. Infections: Infections frequently arise as a common complication subsequent to laser treatments due to their ability to disrupt the skin's natural protective function, thus compromising its barrier integrity.

5. Triggered Cold Sores: Patients with a prior history of cold sores may experience the activation of a cold sore outbreak following laser treatment, as lasers can serve as a trigger for the reactivation of the herpes virus.

6. Skin Sensitivity and Texture Changes: Some individuals may experience increased sensitivity to sunlight or changes in the texture of their skin, such as roughness or scarring. These effects are usually temporary but can persist in rare cases.

7. Eye Injury: Protective goggles or shields are used during the treatment to shield the eyes from the laser light. However, it is crucial to ensure proper eye protection to prevent accidental eye injury during the procedure.

It is important to note that following the pre and post-care guidelines provided by the doctor can help minimise the risk of complications and side effects from laser treatment for pigmentation.

Delayed laser treatment for pigmentation might have risks and consequences. It's crucial to comprehend the potential repercussions of delaying therapy. The following are some dangers connected to delaying laser therapy for pigmentation:

1. Worsening of Pigmentation: Delaying laser treatment may cause the pigmentation to worsen and become more ingrained in the skin. This can make it harder to get the best results and necessitate more sessions or a more intensive treatment strategy.

2. Psychological Impact: A person's confidence and self-esteem may be impacted by delaying therapy. It could result from negative psychological effects, including decreased self-confidence, social disengagement, anxiety, and despair.

3. Increased Sun Damage: Frequently, pigmented areas are more vulnerable to solar damage. Delaying laser therapy for pigmentation can increase how long these areas are exposed to dangerous UV radiation. The pigmentation may get even darker or more intense due to exposure to sunlight, making it harder to obtain positive treatment effects.

4. Higher Cost of Treatment: Delaying the laser treatment can worsen the condition, which would need more advanced treatment and be more expensive

Hyperpigmentation laser treatment cost may be anywhere between ₹ 5000 to ₹ 15,000 for a single session. The total hyperpigmentation laser treatment cost may vary depending upon the number of sessions required for the patient, an individual’s skin type, and condition. 

The rates for laser treatment may also depend upon several factors such as 

1. The doctor’s qualification, experience, and expertise

2. Type of hospital or clinic  

3. The areas to be treated 

4. The severity of the pigmentation 

5. Type of technique used

6. Location of the clinic or hospital

Laser treatment for hyperpigmentation is a safe and effective procedure that helps reduce skin concerns such as fine lines, acne scars, wrinkles, warts, birthmarks, etc. While it may be a little expensive, laser treatment for hyperpigmentation has shown good results in treating uneven skin colour compared to other available treatment options. Hyperpigmentation laser treatment is a promising approach; however, it does have certain side effects and associated risks.

HexaHealth is a leading healthcare provider that provides treatments and care for various skin conditions, including hyperpigmentation. With our highly advanced and cutting-edge technology and a team of highly skilled and qualified dermatologists at HexaHealth, we provide the most quality treatment and care for hyperpigmentation with minimum side effects.

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